Hamwe no kwiyongera kwinshi mubikoresho bya IoT, itumanaho cyangwa ihuza hagati yibi bikoresho byahindutse ingingo yingenzi yo gusuzuma.Itumanaho rirasanzwe kandi rirakomeye kuri enterineti.Yaba ari tekinoroji ya tekinoroji yohereza itumanaho cyangwa ikoranabuhanga ryitumanaho rigendanwa, bigira ingaruka kumajyambere ya enterineti.Mu itumanaho, protocole y'itumanaho ni ngombwa cyane, kandi ni amategeko n'amasezerano ibyo bigo byombi bigomba gukurikiza kugirango birangize itumanaho cyangwa serivisi.Iyi ngingo itangiza protocole nyinshi ziboneka za IoT, zifite imikorere itandukanye, igipimo cyamakuru, ubwishingizi, imbaraga nububiko, kandi buri protocole ifite ibyiza byayo nibibi byinshi cyangwa bike.Bimwe muribi protocole y'itumanaho bikwiranye gusa nibikoresho bito byo murugo, mugihe ibindi birashobora gukoreshwa mumishinga minini minini yubwenge.Porotokole y'itumanaho ya interineti y'ibintu igabanijwemo ibyiciro bibiri, kimwe ni protocole yo kwinjira, ikindi ni protocole y'itumanaho.Kwinjira protocole muri rusange ishinzwe guhuza no gutumanaho hagati yibikoresho muri subnet;protocole y'itumanaho ahanini ni protocole y'itumanaho ry'ibikoresho bikoreshwa kuri interineti gakondo ya TCP / IP protocole, ishinzwe guhanahana amakuru no gutumanaho ibikoresho binyuze kuri interineti.
1. Itumanaho rirerire
.
(2) NB-IoT
Interineti ya Narrow Band ya Internet (NB-iot) yahindutse ishami ryingenzi rya enterineti.
Yubatswe kumurongo wa selire, nb-iot ikoresha gusa 180kHz yumurongo mugari kandi irashobora koherezwa kumurongo wa GSM, UMTS cyangwa LTE kugirango ugabanye amafaranga yoherejwe no kuzamura neza.
Nb-iot yibanda ku mbaraga nkeya (LPWA) Isoko rya interineti ryibintu (IoT) kandi ni tekinoroji igaragara ishobora gukoreshwa kwisi yose.
Ifite ibiranga ubwinshi bwagutse, amasano menshi, umuvuduko wihuse, igiciro gito, gukoresha ingufu nke hamwe nubwubatsi bwiza.
Ibyifuzo byo gusaba: Umuyoboro wa nB-iot uzana ibintu birimo parikingi yubwenge, kurwanya umuriro wubwenge, amazi yubwenge, amatara yumuhanda wubwenge, amagare asangiwe nibikoresho byurugo byubwenge, nibindi.
(3) 5G
Igisekuru cya gatanu cyitumanaho rya terefone igendanwa nigisekuru gishya cyikoranabuhanga rya terefone igendanwa.
Intego zimikorere ya 5G nigipimo kinini cyamakuru, kugabanya ubukererwe, kuzigama ingufu, igiciro gito, kongera ubushobozi bwa sisitemu no guhuza ibikoresho binini.
Ibisabwa: AR / VR, Internet yimodoka, inganda zubwenge, ingufu zubwenge, ubuvuzi butagira umugozi, imyidagaduro yo murugo, Guhuza UAV, ULTRA HIGH ibisobanuro / gutangaza panoramic imbonankubone, ubufasha bwa AI bwihariye, umujyi wubwenge.
2. Intera ndende itumanaho ridafite selire
(1) WiFi
Bitewe no kwamamara byihuse murugo rwa WiFi na terefone zifite ubwenge mumyaka mike ishize, protocole ya WiFi nayo yakoreshejwe cyane mubijyanye nurugo rwubwenge.Icyiza kinini cya protocole ya WiFi nukugera kuri enterineti.
Ugereranije na ZigBee, gahunda yo murugo yubwenge ikoresheje protokole ya Wifi ikuraho ibikenewe kumarembo yinyongera.Ugereranije na protokole ya Bluetooth, ikuraho gushingira kuri terefone igendanwa nka terefone zigendanwa.
Ikwirakwizwa rya WiFi yubucuruzi mu bwikorezi rusange bwo mu mijyi, ahacururizwa hamwe n’ahantu hahurira abantu benshi nta gushidikanya ko bizagaragaza ubushobozi bw’ubucuruzi bwa WiFi.
(2) ZigBee
ZigBee ni umuvuduko muke hamwe nintera ngufi yohereza itumanaho rya terefone itumanaho, ni umuyoboro wizewe cyane wohereza amakuru, kandi ibyingenzi biranga umuvuduko muke, gukoresha ingufu nke, igiciro gito, gushyigikira umubare munini wurusobe, gushyigikira imiyoboro itandukanye ya topologiya , bigoye cyane, byihuse, byizewe kandi bifite umutekano.
Ikoranabuhanga rya ZigBee ni ubwoko bushya bwikoranabuhanga, bwagaragaye vuba aha.Byibanze cyane kumurongo udafite insinga kugirango wohereze.Irashobora gukora imiyoboro idafite umugozi hafi kandi ni iy'ikoranabuhanga rikoresha itumanaho.
Ibyiza bya tekinoroji ya ZigBee bituma buhoro buhoro ihinduka ikoranabuhanga rusange muri enterineti yinganda kandi ikabona porogaramu nini mu nganda, ubuhinzi, urugo rwubwenge nizindi nzego.
(3) LoRa
LoRa (LongRange, LongRange) ni tekinoroji yo guhindura itanga intera ndende itumanaho kuruta ikoranabuhanga risa. Irembo rya LoRa, icyuma cyerekana umwotsi, kugenzura amazi, kugenzura infragre, guhagarara, gushyiramo nibindi bicuruzwa bikoreshwa cyane na Iot.Nk'ikoranabuhanga ridafite umugozi muto, LoRa ikoresha the itandukaniro ryigihe cyo kugera kuri geolokasiyo. Ibisabwa byo gusaba umwanya wa LoRa: umujyi wubwenge no kugenzura ibinyabiziga, gupima hamwe nibikoresho, kugenzura aho ubuhinzi buhagaze.
3. NFC (hafi y'itumanaho ryo mu murima)
(1) RFID
Kumenyekanisha Radiyo Yumurongo (RFID) ni ngufi kubiranga Radio Frequency Identification.Ihame ryayo ni itumanaho ridahuza amakuru hagati yumusomyi na tagi kugirango ugere ku ntego yo kumenya intego.Ikoreshwa rya RFID ni ryinshi cyane, porogaramu zisanzwe ni chip yinyamaswa, ibikoresho bya chip yimodoka, kugenzura, kugenzura parikingi, gukoresha umurongo utanga umusaruro, gucunga ibikoresho. Sisitemu yuzuye ya RFID igizwe na Reader, Tag ya elegitoronike na sisitemu yo gucunga amakuru.
(2) NFC
Igishinwa izina ryuzuye rya NFC ni Hafi y'Ikoranabuhanga mu Itumanaho.NFC yatejwe imbere hashingiwe ku buhanga bwa radiyo itamenyekana (RFID) kandi buhujwe n’ikoranabuhanga ridahuza.Itanga uburyo bwitumanaho bwizewe kandi bwihuse kubicuruzwa bitandukanye bya elegitoronike bigenda byamamara mubuzima bwacu bwa buri munsi."Umurima hafi" mwizina ryigishinwa rya NFC bivuga imirongo ya radio hafi yumuriro wa electroniki.
Ibisabwa byo gusaba: Byakoreshejwe mugucunga uburyo, kwitabira, abashyitsi, kwinjira mu nama, irondo nizindi nzego.NFC ifite imikorere nko guhuza abantu na mudasobwa no guhuza imashini.
(3) Bluetooth
Ikoranabuhanga rya Bluetooth ni ifunguye ryisi yose kubijyanye namakuru adafite amajwi no gutumanaho amajwi.Ni umuyoboro udasanzwe wa tekinoroji ya tekinoroji idafite ishingiro ishingiye ku giciro gito giciriritse cya interineti ihuza umugozi kugirango ushyireho itumanaho ryibikoresho bigendanwa kandi bigendanwa.
Bluetooth irashobora guhanahana amakuru bidasubirwaho mubikoresho byinshi birimo terefone zigendanwa, PDAs, na terefone idafite umugozi, mudasobwa ikaye, hamwe na peripheri.Gukoresha tekinoroji ya "Bluetooth" irashobora koroshya neza itumanaho hagati yibikoresho byitumanaho rya terefone igendanwa, kandi ikanorohereza neza itumanaho hagati yigikoresho na interineti, kugirango ihererekanyamakuru ryihute kandi rirusheho kugenda neza, kandi ryagura inzira yo gutumanaho bidafite umugozi.
4. Itumanaho rikoresha insinga
(1) USB
USB, mu magambo ahinnye y'Icyongereza Universal Serial Bus (Universal Serial Bus), ni bisi yo hanze ikoreshwa muguhuza imiyoboro n'itumanaho hagati ya mudasobwa nibikoresho byo hanze.Nubuhanga bwa interineti ikoreshwa murwego rwa PC.
(2) Porotokole y'itumanaho
Porotokole y'itumanaho ikurikirana yerekeza ku bisobanuro bijyanye byerekana ibikubiye mu ipaki yamakuru, arimo intangiriro ya biti, amakuru yumubiri, kugenzura biti no guhagarika bito.Impande zombi zigomba kumvikana kumiterere yamakuru apakiye muburyo busanzwe bwo kohereza no kwakira amakuru.Mu itumanaho ryuruhererekane, protocole ikoreshwa cyane harimo RS-232, RS-422 na RS-485.
Itumanaho ryuruhererekane bivuga uburyo bwitumanaho aho amakuru yoherezwa buhoro buhoro hagati ya peripheri na mudasobwa.Ubu buryo bwitumanaho bukoresha imirongo mike yamakuru, bushobora kuzigama ikiguzi cyitumanaho mu itumanaho rirerire, ariko umuvuduko wacyo uri munsi ugereranije no kohereza.Mudasobwa nyinshi (utabariyemo n'amakaye) zirimo ibyambu bibiri bya RS-232.Itumanaho ryuruhererekane naryo rikoreshwa muburyo bwo gutumanaho kubikoresho nibikoresho.
(3) Ethernet
Ethernet ni tekinoroji ya mudasobwa ya LAN.Ibipimo bya IEEE 802.3 ni igipimo cya tekiniki kuri Ethernet, gikubiyemo ibikubiye mu murongo uhuza ibice, ibimenyetso bya elegitoronike hamwe n’itangazamakuru ryinjira mu bitangazamakuru ??
(4) MBus
MBus ya sisitemu yo gusoma ya metero ya kure (symphonic mbus) ni bisi isanzwe yuburayi 2-wire bus ebyiri, zikoreshwa cyane mubikoresho byo gupima ibicuruzwa nka metero yubushyuhe hamwe na metero y'amazi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-07-2021
